I don't believe there is anything written into the poll extension that allows anyone to disable it. (I haven't read the source, myself.)
If you don't mind disabling every poll on your wiki, you can put
.ajax-poll input[type="submit"] { display: none; }
in MediaWiki:Common.css. It hides the Vote! button, so no one can click on it. It's not fool-proof. Any of your users who knows anything about CSS can unhide the button and vote anyway.
You can be slightly more effective with JavaScript, which lately has some hurdles to implement at Wikia, like removing the button from the page (not just hiding it). But again, any of your users who knows how JavaScript is implemented at Wikia can get around it.
If you just want to disable one poll with CSS, but have others on your wiki that you want to keep enabled, you need to know the poll ID, which is stored in a hidden field in the poll form.
Alternatively, you could use JavaScript to hide/remove poll buttons on just a single page by page name, if JavaScript is an option for you. JavaScript would also allow you to remove the button based on time and date. All the above methods are dependent on an admin making a change (either CSS or JavaScript), which only affects users who load the page after the admin makes the change. Even then there are ways a determined user could get around it.
The CSS would suffice, but how if you say of one specific Top_10_list?
Suppose, for example, the poll ID is E406D25AB00F66B38E055B5FD6F0F967. You can disable just the button associated with that one poll using
#axPollSubmitE406D25AB00F66B38E055B5FD6F0F967 { display: none; }
(In the intervening time, I have read the source. For the curious, like myself, the ID is the md5 hash of everything between <poll> and </poll>.)
Here's a snippet you can run locally, for example in Firefox's scratchpad.
(function ($) { var output = $('<div style="font-family: monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 1em;"/>'); $('.ajax-poll').each(function () { output.append('<p>' + $(this).find('input[name="wpPollId"]')[0].value + ' ' + $(this).find('.header').text() + '</p>' ); }); $('body').empty().append(output); }(jQuery));
It replaces the content on the page (only in your browser, not on the server) with the IDs of all the polls on the page. Otherwise you'd have to do something like root around the HTML using HTML Inspector.
My understanding is that Chrome does not have a JavaScript scratchpad. It only has a 1-line console.
Possibly the easiest thing is to try pasting the code snippet into the Chrome console with all the carriage returns and most of the spaces removed, so it's all on one line.
Supposedly "Menu > More Tools > JavaScript Console" or Ctrl+Shift+J gets you the console. I don't use Chrome, so I'm just trusting the Internet on that one. I've replaced one space with its HTML character entity ( ) to make sure it stays a space, but otherwise just copy the stuff in the box and paste.
You could try the jsenv bookmarklet from https://www.squarefree.com/bookmarklets/webdevel.html. It's ancient (from 2006, so it pre-dates Chrome), but it might work. I've heard Chrome supports bookmarklets, but they've been a pain to setup in the past. I have no idea if it's any better now. Basically they're JavaScript programs you install as bookmarks. Then you go to the page you want and run the program from your bookmarks. If jsenv works, paste the snippet into it and click the Execute button.
There appear to be Chrome extensions for sale in the Google app store to provide a JavaScript scratchpad. There also appear to be some (mostly abandoned) free extensions in Git.
You can look at the raw HTML page source and wade through all the tags until you find the poll. Again the Internet says:
This is easily the messiest way to find the ID. I don't recommend it.
Or you can find someone who uses Firefox and ask them to run the code snippet above in Scratchpad. You definitely should not put that code in Common.js.